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World Wide Web (WWW) and Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)

World Wide Web (WWW) and Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)

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Understanding the WWW?The World Wide Web, commonly known as the WWW or simply the Web, is a system of interlinked hypertext documents and multimedia content that is accessed via the Internet. It was invented by Sir Tim Berners-Lee in 1989. How does it work?The WWW operates based on hypertext, where documents (web pages) are linked together using hyperlinks. These hyperlinks allow users to navigate between documents by clicking on links, creating a vast and interconnected network of information. Understanding the…

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Activity: Routing Configuration in Packet Tracer

Activity: Routing Configuration in Packet Tracer

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Open the Packet Tracer and drag the devices to the working sheet as shown in the figure below. Assign the IP address to every device as shown in the figure. Figure: PC ip seating Assign IP addresses to the interfaces of your routers. Use the config terminal command on each router to enter global configuration mode, then use the interface [interface_type] [interface_number] command to access the interface configuration mode. Finally, assign the IP address using the ip address [ip_address] [subnet_mask]…

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Design Pattern in Software Engineering

Design Pattern in Software Engineering

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Back in 1994, Erich Gamma, Richard Helm, Ralph Johnson, and John Vlissides collectively authored the groundbreaking book “Design Patterns – Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software,” marking the inception of the concept of design patterns in software development. Software design patterns are like blueprints for solving common problems in software development. They provide general reusable solutions to recurring design problems, making your code more flexible, modular, and easier to understand. Types of Design Patterns As per the design pattern reference book Design…

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Comprehensive Tutorial on UML Diagrams in Software Engineering

Comprehensive Tutorial on UML Diagrams in Software Engineering

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Unified Modeling Language (UML) serves as a standardized visual representation for modeling the structure and behaviour of software systems. It offers a common language for communication among software engineers, designers, and stakeholders, facilitating a shared understanding of complex system designs. In this tutorial, we will explore the major types of UML diagrams and their specific applications in software engineering. UML – Building Blocks  The building blocks of UML can be defined as − Things Things are the most important building blocks…

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Introduction to Routing in Computer Networks

Introduction to Routing in Computer Networks

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Routing is an important function in computer networking that involves directing data packets from one device to another across a network. It ensures that information reaches its destination efficiently and accurately. Routers are the key devices responsible for making routing decisions in a network. A detailed tutorial can be found here. Routing is divided into two categories. Understanding Static Routing Static routing is a routing method where network administrators manually configure the routing table on a router. In this approach,…

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cables connected to ethernet ports
Lab Activity: Switch | VLAN Configuration in Cisco Packet Tracer

Lab Activity: Switch | VLAN Configuration in Cisco Packet Tracer

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The objective of this lab activity is to familiarize students with the basic configuration of a Cisco switch using Cisco Packet Tracer. Students will learn essential switch configuration commands and understand how to set up and manage switch interfaces. Additionally, they will learn how to configure VLANs on packet tracers. Learn more about physical and virtual LANs. Equipment and Software Requirements Topology Setup Basic Switch Configuration Access the Cisco switch CLI or use the graphical interface in Packet Tracer. Configure…

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Dialup Model, DSL (Digital Subscriber Line) & Cable Modem

Dialup Model, DSL (Digital Subscriber Line) & Cable Modem

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Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) is a broadband technology that revolutionized internet access by using traditional telephone lines, offering high-speed connectivity and an “always-on” connection. In contrast, cable modems leverage cable television infrastructure, providing swift bidirectional communication for high-bandwidth internet access, making them popular in urban and suburban areas despite occasional network congestion challenges. Let’s look in detail at these technologies; You can visit the detailed tutorial here. Dial-up Modem A dial-up modem is a device that enables internet access through…

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Circuit Switching and Packet Switching in Computer Networks

Circuit Switching and Packet Switching in Computer Networks

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Circuit switching and packet switching represent two distinct paradigms in data communication. Circuit switching creates a dedicated communication path for the entire duration of a conversation, ensuring a continuous link between devices. In contrast, packet switching involves breaking data into independent packets, allowing for flexible routing and efficient resource utilization across the network. You can also visit detailed tutorial on Data Communication and Computer Networks here. What is Circuit Switching? Circuit switching is a communication method where a dedicated communication…

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Introduction to Cisco Packet Tracer – Basics and Installation

Introduction to Cisco Packet Tracer – Basics and Installation

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Welcome to this tutorial on Cisco Packet Tracer, a powerful simulation tool used for network and system modelling. Whether you’re a networking enthusiast, student, or IT professional, understanding the basics of Cisco Packet Tracer is essential for simulating and practising networking scenarios. This tutorial will guide you through the fundamentals of the Cisco Packet Tracer and walk you through the installation process. What is Cisco Packet Tracer? Cisco Packet Tracer is a network simulation tool developed by Cisco Systems. It…

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CIDR (Classless Inter-Domain Routing) and VLSM (Variable Length Subnet Masking)

CIDR (Classless Inter-Domain Routing) and VLSM (Variable Length Subnet Masking)

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In the domain of networking, two pivotal concepts revolutionized the way we allocate and manage IP addresses: CIDR (Classless Inter-Domain Routing) and VLSM (Variable Length Subnet Masking). CIDR emerged as a response to the limitations of traditional IP addressing, introducing a more flexible and efficient approach to representing IP address ranges. On the other hand, VLSM, a crucial extension of CIDR, empowers network administrators with the ability to optimize subnetting by allowing variable-length subnet masks. Together, CIDR and VLSM have…

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