network - Afzal Badshah, PhD

Understanding the Domain Name System (DNS)

3 November 2023 Afzal Badshah, PhD Comments 268 Comments

The Domain Name System (DNS) is a critical part of the internet that helps translate human-readable domain names, like www.afzalbadshah.com, into machine-readable IP addresses, such as 192.0.2.1. This tutorial will provide you with a comprehensive understanding of DNS, its structure, and how it works. DNS, the Domain Name System, is a decentralized naming system that connects domain names with IP addresses. It serves as the internet’s “phonebook,” making it easier for users to access websites and online resources by using…

Routing on Internet

31 October 2023 Afzal Badshah, PhD Comments 273 Comments

A router is a network device that plays a crucial role in computer networking by connecting different networks together and directing the flow of data between them. It operates at the network layer (Layer 3) of the OSI model and is responsible for routing data packets from their source to their destination. Routers are fundamental components in the functioning of the internet and in local area networks (LANs). Router is a Layer 3 (OSI model) device, primarly responsible for routing…

Error Detection and Correction in Data Communication

26 October 2023 Afzal Badshah, PhD Comments 269 Comments

Before going toward error detection and correction, let bit explore the byte stuffing which accrues in packet transmission. What is Byte Stuffing? Byte stuffing is a data encoding technique used in computer networking to ensure the reliable transmission of information, particularly in the context of data framing. It involves the insertion of special control characters, known as “flag” or “escape” characters, into the data stream to distinguish them from the actual data. The primary purpose of byte stuffing is to…

Afzal Badshah, PhD

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