Afzal Badshah, PhD

Introduction to Parallel and Distributed Computing

18 February 2024 Afzal Badshah, PhD Comments 65 Comments

Imagine you’re sitting at home, streaming your favourite videos on YouTube while millions of others across the globe are doing the same. Ever wondered how YouTube can handle such a massive load seamlessly? The answer lies in parallel and distributed computing. YouTube’s workload is distributed among servers worldwide, and within these servers, data is processed in parallel. This efficient distribution and parallel processing allow millions of users to enjoy YouTube’s content instantly, showcasing the power and effectiveness of parallel and…

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Overview of Data-Driven Applications

18 February 2024 Afzal Badshah, PhD Comments 86 Comments

Data-driven applications are software applications that utilize data as a primary component to drive decision-making, functionality, and user experience. These applications leverage various data sources, processing techniques, and technologies to collect, store, analyze, and visualize data to derive insights and deliver value to users. Tools for Data-Driven Applications Data-driven applications rely heavily on tools that can handle large volumes of data efficiently and provide mechanisms for analysis, processing, and visualization. Here are some essential tools commonly used in developing data-driven…

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Introduction to Data Science

15 February 2024 Afzal Badshah, PhD Comments 35 Comments

In our daily lives, we come accross numerous examples of data science at work without even realizing it. For instance, when we open our mobile phones and begin searching for something of interest, such as looking to buy a new car, have you noticed how the browser, applications, and even YouTube start showing related advertisements? This phenomenon is a prime example of data science in action. By analyzing our search history, browsing patterns, and preferences, algorithms can predict our interests…

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Understanding IPv6 Addressing

24 January 2024 Afzal Badshah, PhD Comments 104 Comments

IPv6, or Internet Protocol version 6, is the most recent version of the Internet Protocol, which serves as the foundation for communication on the Internet. It was developed to overcome limitations posed by its predecessor, IPv4 (Internet Protocol version 4), and to address the growing needs of the evolving internet. IPv6 is a 128-bit long address standard, designed to provide a vastly expanded address space compared to the 32-bit addresses used in IPv4. IPv6 addresses are expressed as eight groups…

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Distance Vector and State Link Routing Protocols

12 January 2024 Afzal Badshah, PhD Comments 111 Comments

Routing protocols are fundamental to network communication, and two prominent categories are Distance Vector and State Link protocols. Distance Vector protocols, exemplified by Routing Information Protocol (RIP), make routing decisions based on cumulative distances to destinations, conveyed through periodic updates. They employ algorithms like Bellman-Ford and rely on routing tables to determine the best paths. However, the convergence time can be slower due to periodic updates, and scalability may be challenging in large networks. Distance Vector Protocol A Distance Vector…

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Advanced Routing Protocols – EIGRP and BGP

12 January 2024 Afzal Badshah, PhD Comments 142 Comments

Routing protocols play a crucial role in directing network traffic efficiently. Two advanced routing protocols widely used in large-scale networks are Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP) and Border Gateway Protocol (BGP). Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP) EIGRP is an advanced routing protocol developed by Cisco Systems. It is designed for use within an autonomous system (AS) and is known for its rapid convergence and low bandwidth usage. EIGRP incorporates features of both distance vector and link-state routing protocols….

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Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)

4 January 2024 Afzal Badshah, PhD Comments 112 Comments

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is a crucial network protocol designed to automatically assign IP addresses and other necessary network configuration details to devices connected to a network. This eliminates the need for manually configuring network settings for each device, making it significantly easier to manage and scale large networks. Key Components of DHCP DHCP Server DHCP Client DHCP Lease IP Address Pool DHCP Process DHCP Discover: When a device joins a network, it broadcasts a DHCP Discover message to…

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Understanding Network Address Translation (NAT)

3 January 2024 Afzal Badshah, PhD Comments 6 Comments

Network Address Translation (NAT) is a method used to map private IP addresses to a single public IP address. It allows multiple devices in a local network to access the internet using a shared public IP. But before exploring the NAT, Let’s see what is private and public network addresses. You can visit the detailed tutorial here. Private IP Addresses in Networking In networking, private addresses are reserved IP addresses that are not routable on the public internet. They are…

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Overview of Wireless LANs

21 December 2023 Afzal Badshah, PhD Comments 298 Comments

Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) are a type of network that allows devices to connect and communicate without the need for physical cables. Unlike traditional wired networks, WLANs use radio waves to transmit data between devices. This wireless approach provides increased flexibility and mobility for connected devices. Frequency BandsWLANs operate within two main frequency bands: 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz. The 2.4 GHz band, though more crowded, offers a better range, making it suitable for environments with obstacles. On the…

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Testing in Software Engineering

20 December 2023 Afzal Badshah, PhD Comments 139 Comments

Testing in Software Engineering is the systematic process of evaluating a system or application to identify defects and ensure that it meets specified requirements. Its significance lies in quality assurance, defect identification, and the overall enhancement of user satisfaction. Attributes of Testing Accuracy: Ensuring that the software consistently produces accurate results is fundamental to testing. Precision in execution is crucial for reliable outcomes. Reliability: The reliability of a system is measured by its consistency in delivering correct results under varying…

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