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Category: OOP with C++

Constants in OOP – C++

Constants in OOP – C++

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In our daily life, there are some values that never change. For example: These values remain fixed regardless of circumstances. Similarly, in C++, if we want to create a variable whose value should not be altered during the program execution, we declare it as constant using the const keyword. The detailed tutorial can be visited here. A constant in C++ is a variable whose value cannot be modified after initialization. Why Do We Need Constants? Constants are essential because they…

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Introduction to Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)

Introduction to Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)

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Object-Oriented Programming (OOP), is a way of writing programs by focusing on real-life objects. In the real world, everything we deal with is an object, such as a car, a book, or a student. Each of these objects has certain features and can perform specific actions. In OOP, we try to represent these features as attributes and the actions as functions. This programming style helps us organize our code in a way that is closer to how we understand things…

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Classes and Objects in C++: Beginner’s Guide with Real-Life Examples

Classes and Objects in C++: Beginner’s Guide with Real-Life Examples

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Programming is about solving real-life problems. Imagine you’re designing a software to manage a car showroom, or a student database. In both cases, you deal with real-world entities like cars and students. Each of these has data (like name, color, roll number) and behavior (like start the car, register a course). To represent such entities in programming, we use two powerful tools: Let’s break this down step by step. What is a Class? A class is a template or blueprint…

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Static Data Members and Functions in C++

Static Data Members and Functions in C++

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In daily life, some things are shared by everyone rather than belonging to just one person. For example, in a classroom the notice board is the same for all students. If one student puts a notice, every student can see it. Similarly, in a society, the water tank is shared by all houses. In C++, such shared values or functions are handled using the static keyword. A static member in C++ belongs to the class itself rather than to individual…

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Constructors and Destructors in C++

Constructors and Destructors in C++

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C++ gives every object a clear life story: it’s created, used, and then destroyed. To make this safe and predictable, the language runs a special function at birth (to initialize the object) and another at death (to clean up resources). Constructors in C++ Constructors exist to prevent uninitialized state, to let callers pass meaningful values at creation time, and to centralize setup logic in one place. In practice, you’ll use two common kinds; You may define multiple constructors for the…

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Encapsulation in C++: A Beginner Guide

Encapsulation in C++: A Beginner Guide

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Encapsulation in object-oriented programming is a core principle. It helps keep data safe and programs modular. Imagine a School Management App: students can view their class (through a getter), but only the administration system can update it (using a setter). This story highlights how encapsulation mirrors real-world roles. Encapsulation ensures data safety and modular design. Imagine using a car or a smartphone: you interact with simple controls on the surface, while the complicated wiring and mechanisms are hidden inside. This…

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Inheritance in C++ for Beginners: Complete Guide with Examples and Real-Life Explanation

Inheritance in C++ for Beginners: Complete Guide with Examples and Real-Life Explanation

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Inheritance is one of the four main pillars of Object-Oriented Programming (OOP), along with Encapsulation, Abstraction, and Polymorphism. Definition:“Inheritance is the process by which one class acquires the properties (data) and behaviors (functions) of another class.” In simple words, it means we can create a new class (child or derived class) based on an existing class (parent or base class) so that the new one can reuse and extend the existing functionality. 2. Why Do We Use Inheritance? Let’s take…

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Operator Overloading in C++

Operator Overloading in C++

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Operator Overloading: In C++, operator overloading allows you to define custom behavior for operators (such as +, -, *, ==, etc.) when they are applied to user-defined types (i.e., objects of classes). This feature enables the creation of expressive and intuitive code, as it allows operators to work with objects in a way that mimics their behavior with built-in types. Operator overloading is a powerful mechanism that enhances the expressiveness of object-oriented code by enabling objects to interact using operators…

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Understanding Exception Handling in C++

Understanding Exception Handling in C++

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Introduction to Exception Handling Exception handling is a mechanism in C++ that helps developers handle runtime errors gracefully. Instead of abruptly terminating the program when an error occurs, exception handling allows you to catch and handle errors, ensuring the program continues to run smoothly. In this tutorial, we will learn how to use exception handling in C++ using a simple program. The provided program demonstrates how to handle the case of division by zero, which is a common runtime error….

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Composition and Aggregation in C++

Composition and Aggregation in C++

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In Object-Oriented Programming (OOP), Composition and Aggregation describe relationships between classes, specifically how objects are associated with one another. Both are forms of the “has-a” relationship, but they differ in strength and dependency. So in this article we will see the concept of Composition and Aggregation in C++ and also check the difference between Composition and Aggregation. What is Composition? Composition represents a strong relationship between two classes. It is used when an object (child) is a part of another…

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