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Author: Afzal Badshah, PhD

Circuit Switching and Packet Switching in Computer Networks

Circuit Switching and Packet Switching in Computer Networks

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Circuit switching and packet switching represent two distinct paradigms in data communication. Circuit switching creates a dedicated communication path for the entire duration of a conversation, ensuring a continuous link between devices. In contrast, packet switching involves breaking data into independent packets, allowing for flexible routing and efficient resource utilization across the network. You can also visit detailed tutorial on Data Communication and Computer Networks here. What is Circuit Switching? Circuit switching is a communication method where a dedicated communication…

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Ethernet and Its Technology

Ethernet and Its Technology

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Ethernet is a widely used and standardized technology for wired local area networks (LANs) that facilitates the transmission of data between devices within a localized network. It defines the rules and protocols for how data packets should be formatted, transmitted, and received over physical network connections, typically using Ethernet cables with RJ-45 connectors. The detailed tutorial on Computer Networks can be accessed here. Have you ever plugged a LAN cable into your laptop and instantly connected to the internet? That’s…

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Overview of Data Communication

Overview of Data Communication

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In our increasingly connected world, data communication plays a fundamental role in enabling the exchange of information and the functioning of modern society. Whether you’re streaming a video on your smartphone, sending an email, or accessing cloud services, you’re engaging in data communication. Understanding the key concepts, components, and technologies that underpin this field is crucial for anyone navigating the digital landscape. Today, we will delve into the essential aspects of data communication, from its historical evolution to the latest…

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Understanding the OSI Model: A Comprehensive Guide

Understanding the OSI Model: A Comprehensive Guide

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The OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) model is a conceptual framework that standardizes the functions of a telecommunication or computing system into seven distinct layers. Each layer has a specific role, allowing different types of network hardware and software to communicate seamlessly. Developed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), the OSI model helps students and professionals alike understand the underlying principles of network communication, making it easier to diagnose issues, design better systems, and implement protocols. By breaking down the…

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Introduction to Computer Networks

Introduction to Computer Networks

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A computer network enables two or more computing devices to exchange data using hardware and software components. In today’s interconnected world, networks play a primary role in communication, data sharing, and access to information across various sectors such as education, healthcare, and finance. This tutorial introduces the fundamental building blocks of computer networks and explains how these elements work together to form an efficient data communication environment. Let’s play the mind game Please, instantly answer the following questions without reading…

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Unhealthy Parent-Child Relationship & it Is Never Late to Correct

Unhealthy Parent-Child Relationship & it Is Never Late to Correct

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I have closely observed and explored the relationship between parents and children. I am very sorry to say that I often found this relationship very weak. About 800 children study in my school and I have been busy with their education for the last 13 years. During this, I have closely observed and explored the parents-children relationship. I am very sorry to say that I found this relationship very weak. The weakness of this relationship is having a terrible effect on…

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Why Edge Computing? Every Thing you Need

Why Edge Computing? Every Thing you Need

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Edge computing processes and stores data close to the device being used. Instead of overloading the mainstream network with big data, which might not even be required, not only overload the mainstream network, but it also decreases the edge devices’ response time. Therefore, time-sensitive operations, need an edge server to process the data in real-time. Edge computing is becoming popular, and business is shifting toward the edge to minimize network delay and cost.

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Cloud Storage Future & Its Opportunities

Cloud Storage Future & Its Opportunities

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The future of the Cloud Storagee is no less than a dream. AI-enabled objects (e.g, self-driving vehicle), the web of IoT devices, and 5G connectivity (i.e, mobile communication technology) is changing the way of living. The recent advances in smart technology generate massive data traffic. The 51 billion devices forecast is a big number: even seven times greater than the whole world population. These devices will increase the annual size of the global data sphere up to 175 ZB. Another report…

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Issues and challenges in Cloud Storage: What you Need to Know

Issues and challenges in Cloud Storage: What you Need to Know

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Cloud Storage provides storage services as a vitalized environment where a user has no control over the data. In such a situation, a user may ask questions like “where exactly is my data located?”, “what happens if I delete my data?” and “is the deleted data really deleted?”. From home appliances to industrial enterprises, the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) industry is revolutionizing the world. We are witnessing the emergence of new technologies (e.g, Cloud computing, Fog computing, Internet of…

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What is Regional Computing? How Can it Address the Social Big Data Effects?

What is Regional Computing? How Can it Address the Social Big Data Effects?

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Regional Computing is similar to edge or fog computing, placed near the users’ end to process and store the data at the regional level, rather than migrating it to the cloud. Regional computing drastically minimizes turnaround time, transfer time and costs. Social media cloud servers are located at a long distance, resulting in delays and large workload, leading to low performance and high costs. Regional computing can be used to solve this problem, which already has about 104 billion global investments in the form of edge and fog computing (Badshah et al., 2020, Badshah et al., 2019, Social Networks Statistics, 2021).