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Author: Afzal Badshah, PhD

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Overview of Wireless LANs

Overview of Wireless LANs

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Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) allow devices to communicate and share data using radio waves instead of physical cables. They are an important part of modern communication, used in homes, universities, and enterprises for seamless access to the Internet or local servers. WLANs eliminate the limitations of wires, providing mobility, flexibility, and easy scalability. Basic Concept of WLAN A Wireless LAN uses electromagnetic radio waves to transmit data between devices, such as laptops, tablets, and smartphones, through a central device…

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Multiple Access Techniques (Channelization) in Data Communication

Multiple Access Techniques (Channelization) in Data Communication

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In modern communication systems, multiple devices often need to share the same communication channel. This is where Multiple Access Techniques (MATs) come into play. They allow multiple users to efficiently use a limited amount of bandwidth simultaneously. These techniques are crucial, especially in wireless networks, where many users are trying to connect without causing interference. Visit the detailed tutorial on computer networks here. Common Multiple Access Techniques Here’s a breakdown of some of the most common multiple-access techniques: Frequency Division…

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Dialup Model, DSL (Digital Subscriber Line) & Cable Modem

Dialup Model, DSL (Digital Subscriber Line) & Cable Modem

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Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) is a broadband technology that revolutionized internet access by using traditional telephone lines, offering high-speed connectivity and an “always-on” connection. In contrast, cable modems leverage cable television infrastructure, providing swift bidirectional communication for high-bandwidth internet access, making them popular in urban and suburban areas despite occasional network congestion challenges. Let’s look in detail at these technologies; You can visit the detailed tutorial here. Dial-up Modem A dial-up modem is a device that enables internet access through…

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Circuit Switching and Packet Switching in Computer Networks

Circuit Switching and Packet Switching in Computer Networks

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Circuit switching and packet switching represent two distinct paradigms in data communication. Circuit switching creates a dedicated communication path for the entire duration of a conversation, ensuring a continuous link between devices. In contrast, packet switching involves breaking data into independent packets, allowing for flexible routing and efficient resource utilization across the network. You can also visit a detailed tutorial on Data Communication and Computer Networks here. What is Circuit Switching? Circuit switching is a communication method where a dedicated…

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Ethernet and Its Technology

Ethernet and Its Technology

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Ethernet is a widely used and standardized technology for wired local area networks (LANs) that facilitates the transmission of data between devices within a localized network. It defines the rules and protocols for how data packets should be formatted, transmitted, and received over physical network connections, typically using Ethernet cables with RJ-45 connectors. The detailed tutorial on Computer Networks can be accessed here. Have you ever plugged a LAN cable into your laptop and instantly connected to the internet? That’s…

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Overview of Data Communication

Overview of Data Communication

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In our increasingly connected world, data communication plays a fundamental role in enabling the exchange of information and the functioning of modern society. Whether you’re streaming a video on your smartphone, sending an email, or accessing cloud services, you’re engaging in data communication. Understanding the key concepts, components, and technologies that underpin this field is crucial for anyone navigating the digital landscape. Today, we will delve into the essential aspects of data communication, from its historical evolution to the latest…

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Understanding the OSI Model: A Comprehensive Guide

Understanding the OSI Model: A Comprehensive Guide

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The OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) model is a conceptual framework that standardizes the functions of a telecommunication or computing system into seven distinct layers. Each layer has a specific role, allowing different types of network hardware and software to communicate seamlessly. Developed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), the OSI model helps students and professionals alike understand the underlying principles of network communication, making it easier to diagnose issues, design better systems, and implement protocols. By breaking down the…

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Introduction to Computer Networks

Introduction to Computer Networks

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A computer network enables two or more computing devices to exchange data using hardware and software components. In today’s interconnected world, networks play a primary role in communication, data sharing, and access to information across various sectors such as education, healthcare, and finance. This tutorial introduces the fundamental building blocks of computer networks and explains how these elements work together to form an efficient data communication environment. Let’s play the mind game Please, instantly answer the following questions without reading…

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Unhealthy Parent-Child Relationship & it Is Never Late to Correct

Unhealthy Parent-Child Relationship & it Is Never Late to Correct

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I have closely observed and explored the relationship between parents and children. I am very sorry to say that I often found this relationship very weak. About 800 children study in my school and I have been busy with their education for the last 13 years. During this, I have closely observed and explored the parents-children relationship. I am very sorry to say that I found this relationship very weak. The weakness of this relationship is having a terrible effect on…

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Why Edge Computing? Every Thing you Need

Why Edge Computing? Every Thing you Need

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Edge computing processes and stores data close to the device being used. Instead of overloading the mainstream network with big data, which might not even be required, not only overload the mainstream network, but it also decreases the edge devices’ response time. Therefore, time-sensitive operations, need an edge server to process the data in real-time. Edge computing is becoming popular, and business is shifting toward the edge to minimize network delay and cost.